There was little pictorial art in England until the great miniaturists of the Tudor epoch. There were portraits on a large scale, but they were in the main, of foreign origin, notably Dutch like Holbein. Then came Hogarth, the first great native painter born at the end of the 17th century, famous for both engravings and oil paintings, he was followed by Joshua Reynolds (1723-1792) famous for his portraits.
If Hogarth was the artist of the towns, Gainsborough, contemporary of Reynolds, was the painter of the countryside, frequently the background to his portraits. In a similar tradition was Stubbs, as famous for his portraits of horses as of people.
Among the other portraitists of the 18th century were Romney, and Rae-burn. Constable (1776-1837) finally gave landscape painting its importance. Among his near-contemporaries, though a little younger, were William Blake, poet, visionary and painter, and Turner, renowned above all for his naval scenes.
The modern period in British art may be said to date from the year 1910, when the first Post-Impressionist Exhibition was held in London.
The first decade of the century had been dominated by two romanticists, Frank Brangwyn and Augustus John and by the sculptor Jacob Epstein who became a protagonist of modernity. The two painters may, to some extent, have been influenced by Gauguin, Epstein was essentially an expressionist.
Such modern painters as Peter Blake, Allan Jones and some others seek an image of immediate popular appeal (hence the term "pop-art" sometimes applied to this school).
Британское искусство, театр, музыка
В Англии до эпохи Тюдоров было мало живописцев. Портреты больших размеров были в основном иностранного происхождения, например, голландца Гольбейна. Хогарт — первый великий английский живописец. Он родился в конце XVII века и знаменит и гравюрами, и живописью. Ему подражал Джошуа Рэйнольдс (1723-1792) — известный портретист.
Если Хогарт был художником-урбанистом, то Гейнзборо, современник Рейнольдса, был живописцем, писавшим сельские пейзажи. В подобной манере работал и Стаббс, который рисовал как лошадей, так и людей.
Среди других известных портретистов XVIII века — Ромни и Рейберн. Констебль (1776-1837) придал ландшафтной живописи особый статус. Среди их младших современников Вильгельм Блейк — поэт, провидец и живописец, и Тернер, который знаменит своими морскими видами.
Начало современного периода британского искусства можно датировать с 1910 года, когда в Лондоне состоялась первая выставка импрессионистов.
В первой половине столетия доминировали два романтика — Фрэнк Брэнгвин и Джон Огастес, , а также скульптор Джейкоб Эпстейн, модернист. На первых двоих художников, возможно, повлиял Гоген, Епстейн же, по сути, был экспрессионистом.
Современные живописцы, такие как Питер Блейк, Аллан Джоунс.и некоторые другие, ищут образ непосредственной популярной привлекательности (термин «поп-арт» иногда соотносят с этой школой).
Список литературы
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