Джохадзе Л.Е. Стилистическое использование многозначного слова в художественном тексте. Автореферат. М.,1977

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... целого слова), звукосимволические свойства которой проявлялись бы особенно заметно. Согласно выдвинутой выше гипотезе о влиянии такого физического явления, как интерференция волн на восприятие звукосимволичных слов, мы выделили новую единицу – супрафонему – носитель звукосимволического компонента соответствующих слов, которую мы определили как устойчивое звуковое сочетание, структурно состоящее, ...

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... Имея классификацию И. Чернышевой можно сказать, что фразеологии принадлежит словесное объединение, которое имеет той или другой степенью устойчивости. Глава 2. Фразеология немецкого языка в лексикографическом аспекте 2.1 Проблема отнесенности к фразеологическому фонду сочетаний не фразеологического типа Пути, которыми идет лексикография, во многом определяются характером и уровнем общей ...

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... читателя от существа дела. Таким образом, наряду с положительными сторонами цитирования (авторитетность и документированность текста, раскрытие значения слова и его стилистических особенностей), этот прием иллюстрирования в словаре нормативного типа имеет и свои недостатки (неэкономичность, избыточность конкретных сведений, наличие устарелых или ненормативных сопутствующих слов, форм и ...

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... только одного языкового средства. Обычно эмоциональность в речи выражается совокупностью языковых средств разных уровней. Глава II. Возможности реализации эмотивного кода в художественном тексте 2.1 Общая характеристика компонентов эмотивного текста В системе языка эмотивность рассматривается как семантический компонент слова, в котором объективно существуют её мельчайшие смыслы - ...

	BrE	AmE
vacation каникулы	1. b esp BrE any of the period of holiday when unuversities are closed	1. a usu AmE a holiday
local² infml	2. a pub near where one lives, esp a pub which one oftendrinks at... having a print in/at his local	3. esp. a bus train etc that stops at all regular. 4. a branch of a trade union
ratty	1. infml bad-tempered irritable	2. infml untidy & in bad condition shabby, a ratty old coat
buzzard	1. a large bird (a kind of Hawk) that kills & eat other creatures	2. a large black bird (a kind of Vulture) that eats dead flesh
pavement	1. a paved surface or path at the side of a street for people to walk on	2. the hard surface of a street
smart	esp. neat & stylish in appearance 3. quick or forceful: a smart blow	2. esp. a) a good or quick in thinking clever; b) disrespectful, esp. towards someone older such as one’s teachers or parents, impudent
badge	anything esp. a small piece of metal or plastique with a picture of words on it, worn to show rank, member-ship of a group, support for a political idea.	2. a small piece of metal with words or pictures on it which shows authority
bun	1. a small round sweet cake	2. a small round kind of bread, usu plain but sometimes swetend
bureau	1. a large desk or writing-table with a wooden cover which shuts ot sides over the top to close it	for chest of drawers 4. esp. a division of government department
lumber	1. esp. useless or unwanted articles, such as furniture, stored away somewhere	3. esp. for timber
sweetie	1. infml (used esp. by or to children) a sweet	3. sweetheart
homely	1. esp. simple not trying to seem important or special, a homely meal of bread & cheese	2. (of people, faces etc) not good-looking, unattractive
dresser	1. esp. a piece of furniture for holding dises or other articles used in eating with shelves & cupboards below	2. a chest of drawers used esp. for clothing, often with a mirror on top.
hole-in-the-wall	1. for cash dispenser	2. a small business, esp. a restaurant that may not be easy to find
biscuit	1. a flat thin dry cake, sweetend or unsweetened usu. sold in packets or tins	2. for scones
rug	2. esp. a large warm wollen covering to wrap round oneself, esp. when travelling or camping	3. humor, esp. for toupee (наклейка)
entree [ontrei]; [a:ntrei]	2. a) esp. a small meat dish, served after the fish & before the main dish in a formal dinner	2. b) esp. the main dish of a meal
cracker	4. infml someone or something that is very good, used esp. of a very attractive woman	5. derog a poor white person from the American south
highway	2. the best of most direct way; high road	1. esp... or law a broad main road used by traffic going in both directions, and often leading from one town to another
backyard	1. a yard behind a house covered wit a hard surface	2. an area of land behind a house, usu. covered with grass, a back garden
corn	1. (the seed of) any of various types of grain plants such as barley, eats & esp. wheat	2. esp... & AustrE for a) maize; b) sweetcorn
tank top	1. a usu. wollen tight fitting top without sleeves, worn over a blouse or shirt & popular esp. in the 1970s	2. a top without sleeves which is made of very light material such as cotton for wearing in very hot weather
bit¹	2. esp. any part or piece of something larger esp. a certain amount, some infml a) a small cion esp. one worth three or six old pence	5. infml b) 12 ¹/₂ cents
motorbike	1. infml a motorcycle	2. a small light motorcycle
dinky	1. old-fash small & charming	2. derog small & unimportant a dinky little room
terrace	1. esp. a row of houses joined to each other 3. esp. any of a number of wide steps on which watchers stand at a football match	2. a) balcony or porch
ratty	1. infml bad tempered; irritable	2. infml untidy & in bad condition, shabby; a ratty old coat
freshman	1. also fresher infml a student in the first year at college or university	2. a student in the first year at high school, college, or university
song & dance infml	1. esp. an unnecessary or useless show of confusion anger, excitement, etc	2. a complicated or misleading explanation
pitcher¹	1. a large container for holding and pouring liquids usu. made of clay & having two earshaped handles	2. for jug (1)

	BrE	AmE
express	2. alsoexpress delivery esp. BrE a service given by the post office railways etc. for carrying things faster than usual send the letter by express
recreation room		2. also recroom a room in a house used for playing games in
rubroom		a massage, esp. after exercise
bathroom		2. a toilet
sink²		1. b) esp. a washbasin
duster		2. a light coat worn to protect one’s clothes from dust while cleaning the house
non-smoker	2. railway carriage where smoking is not allowed
dressing		4. for stuffing
Chinkie, Chinky	1. infml a takeway which sells chinese goods
Chinless	2. infml weak & cowardly

BrE	AmE	meaning
sweet²	usu. candy	a small piece of sweet food made of sugar of chocolate sweet food served at the end of a meal
luggage trolley	baggage cart	a small cart which is often provided at an airport or station to halp people move their luggage
tip esp.	dump esp.	a large place where unwanted waste is taken & left
flip-flop	thongs	1. a type of open shoe which is usu. made of rubber & is held on by the toes & loose at the back
rubbish	garbage, trash	1. things or material of no use or value that have been thrown away
fag end infml	cigarette but	1. the last bit of a smoked & usu. no longer burning cigarette
car park	parking lot parking garage	an open space where cars & other vehicles may be parked, smt for a small payment 2. an enclosed building used for this purpose
biscuit	cookie esp.	a flat thin dry cake, sweetend or unsweetened, usu sold in packets or tins
tote²	parimutual machine	1. a machine that shows the number of bets placed on each horse or dog in a race *****************************
clerk¹	salesclerk	3. a person who works in a shop selling things
hockey esp.	field hockey esp.	a game played by two teams of 11 players each, with sticks & a ball. Hockey is usu. played in winter
mouldy	moldy	of or covered with mould
terrace	usu. patio	4. a) a flat area next to a house usu with a stone floor, used as an outdoor living area
lollipop	lollypop sucker	1. a hard sweet made of boiled sugar fixed on a stick, which is eaten by licking
warm up esp.	warm up	1. to reheat (cooked food) for eating

	BrE	AmE
tip (4)	2. infml an extremely untidy& dirty place.
flip-flop(1)		2. infml a change of mind
flip-flop(2)	infml to change one's mind
duster	infml for dust storm
fag (1)	sl a cigarette
fag(2)		derog sl for Homosexual
tube	4. infml for underground a tube station/train	6. infml for television
cookie		3. also cooky – sl a person of particular type:a smart/tough cookie.
rug		3.humor,esp for toupee
chinkie chinky	1. infml a takeway which sells chinese food
Chinless	2. infml weak & cowardly
highway		esp…or law a broad main road used by traffic going in both directions & often leading from one town to another.
mouldy	2. sl of little value;unpleasant.
dinky	1. old-fash small & charming.	2. derog small & unimportant.
warm over		2.derog,esp to use (an idea, argument etc.) again.
boss(1)		2. esp…,usu.derog a political party chief, esp one who controls a local party organization.
boss(3)		sl excellent or fashionable, a boss suit/a boss car.
boss(5)	old-fash,sl make a boss shot (at) to make a first, probably not very good attempt (at).
bugger	1.taboo or law to be guilty of sodomy. 2.sl (used for adding force to expressions of displeasure or surprise: Bugger it!
cracker	4. infml someone or smth that	5. derog a poor white person is very good, used esp. of a from the American South. very attractive woman.

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BrE	AmE	R. eq.
to grill	to broil	жарить
garden centre	nursery	садоводство
custom	patronage	клиентура, покупатели
dressing table	vanity table	туалетный столик
tipex	white out
headmaster	principal	директор
headmistress	principal	директриса
cloak-room	checkroom, coatroom, coatcheck	гардероб
cheque	check	чек
reel	spool	катушка
sledge	sled	сани
chafing dish	fondue	электрическая кастрюля, термос
deckchair	beachchair	шезлонг
fill in	fill out	заполнять
fillet	filet	филе
holiday	esp. vocation	каникулы
timber	lumber	древесина
sweet	dessert	диссерт
surname	esp. last name, family name	фамилия
polling day	election day	день выборов
round-about	traffic circle	кольцевая транспортная развязка
merry-go-round, roundabout	carousel	карусель
rise	raise	повышаться (о зарплате)
flip-flop	thong	шлепки
gymshol or plimsoll	sneaker	теннисные туфли
Wellington boot	rubber boot	сапоги
recreation ground	playground	площадка для игр, спортивная площадка
trainer, training shoe	sneaker, tennis shoe	теннисные туфли
round	around	вокруг, около
rubbish	garbage, trash	мусор
rubbish bin	trash can, garbage can	мусорное ведро
dust man, binman, dustbinman	garbage man, trash man, garbage collector sanitation worker	мусорщик
dust cart	garbage truck	мусорная машина
roller blind	blind, shade	жалюзи
tote	pari-mutuel machine
draught	checker	шашка
draughtboard	checkerboard	шашечная доска
spring onion	scallion, greenonion	зеленый лук
spring roll, pancake roll	egg roll
sweet potato	yam
green pepper, sweet pepper	bell pepper	зеленый перец
peak time, peak viewing hours	prime time
disaster area	distressed area	район бедствия
drink-driving	drunk-driving	вождение машины в нетрезвом состоянии
drink-driver	drunk-driver	пьяный водитель
stuffing	dressing	начинка
post	mail	почта
blackboard	chalkboard	доска
scone	biscuit	сконзы, печенье
teat	nipple	соска
pancake	crepe [kreip]	блин
engine driver	engineer	машинист
action replay	instant replay	повтор
thermionic valve	thermionic tube	термолампа
swimming costume	bathing suit, swim suit	купальный костюм
blank cheque	blank check	чек на предъявителя (без обозначения суммы оплаты)
bread bin	bread box	хлебница
washing machine	washer	стиральная машина
esp. cooker	esp. stove	газовая плита
fridge-freezer	refrigerator-freezer	морозилка
frying pan	skillet	сковорода
mobile library	bookmobile	передвижная библиотека на грузовике
washbasin, basin	sink, washbawl	раковина
tea towel	dish towel	столовое полотенце (для протирания посуды)
football	soccer	футбол
American football	football	американский футбол
bath, baths	bathtub	ванная комната
fitted carpets	wall-to-wall carpets	ковровое покрытие
railway station	railroad station	железнодорожная станция
supermarket	grocery store	бакалейно-гастроном. магазин
subway	underpass	подземный переход
turning	turn	поворот
phone	call	позвонить
pyjamas, jammies	pajamas, pj’s	пижама
tights	panty hose	колготки
kerb	curb	бордюр
badge	button, pin patch	значок
chip	French fry	чипсы
fancy dress	masquerade	маскарад
tin	can	жестяная банка
relief	benefit	пособие
witness box	stand, witness stand	место дачи свидетельских показаний
carriage	car	поезд
hire	rent	нанимать
railway	railroad	железная дорога
vest	undershirt	нижняя рубаха
tankard	stein	высокая пивная кружка (часто с крышкой)
esp. cinema	movie theatre	кинотеатр
free-post	business reply mail
dumb-waiter	lazy Susan	вращающийся столик
drawing pin	thumbtack	кнопка
motor caravan	motor home	трейлер
motor way	free way	трасса
self-raising flour	self-rising flour	мука с пекарским порошком
spanner	wrench	гаечный ключ
ABC	ABC’s	алфавит
Halloween	Hallowe’en	Хэллоуин
denfine	denfin	пломба
candy-floss	cotton candy	сахарная вата
hire purchase	installment	продажа в рассрочку
report	reportcard	табель успеваемости
Welsh dresser	hutch	сервант
hipsters	hiphuggers	чулки
semiebreve	whole note	нота
semidetached	duplex	имеющий общую стену
flat	apartament	квартира
lift	elevator	лифт
tap	faucet	кран
biscuit	esp. cookie	печенье
esp. maize	esp. Indian corn, corn	кукуруза
porridge	oatmeal	каша
form	grade	класс
infant school	kindergarden	детский садик
Public Toilet	restroom	общественный туалет
shop	store	магазин
petrol	gasoline	бензин
lorry	truck	грузовик
path	sidewalk	тротуар
mainroad	highway	шоссе
postman	mailman	почтальон
postbox	mailbox	почтовый ящик
mum	mom	мама (сокр.)
pants	trousers	брюки
autumn	fall	осень
dressing gown	bathrobe	купальный халат
airhostess	stewardess	стюардесса
tip⁴	dump	свалка
hall	hallway	прихожая, коридор
panties, pants	underpants, underwear	трусики
sweet²	candy	конфеты
polling booth	voting booth	кабина для голосования
polling station	polling place, pals	избирательный участок
luggage	baggage	багаж
warm up	warm over	подогреть
draught	draft	сквозняк
draughtsman	drafts	чертежник
pen friend	pen pal	друг по переписке
conjurer	magician	фокусник
rubber	eraser	резинка, стерка
cookery	cooking	кулинария, стряпня
maths	math	математика
tablespoon	serving spoon	столовая ложка
combinations coms	union suit	комбинация
refrigerator	ice-box	холодильник
vacuum cleaner, hoover	vacuum	пылесос
tonic water, tonic	guinine water	тоник
Loo	John	туалет
cupboard	closet	шкаф, буфет
parcel	package	сверток
bookshop	bookstore	книжный магазин
car park	parking lot	стоянка
pavement	sidewalk	тротуар
fishfinger	fishstick	рыбные палочки
crisp potato	potato chip	хрустящий картофель
plasticine	play dough	пластилин
waistcoat	vest	жилет
station, railway station	depot	железнодорожная станция
wind-cheater	windbreaker	ветронепроницаемая куртка
puppy fat	baby fat	пухляк, толстяк
hotch-potch	hodge-podge	смесь, всякая всячина
vapours	pors	затуманенность
doodah	doodad	эта шутка
dental surgeon	oral surgeon	дантист
terrace	patio	терасса
sellotape	scotch tape, tape	скоч
Friesian	Holstein	черно-белая корова
question master	quizmaster	мастер головоломок
half-arsed	assed	глупый, тупой
perambulator, pram	baby carrige, baby buggy	детская коляска
barman	bartender, bar keeper	бармен
accumulator	storage battery	аккумулятор
pharmacist	druggist	аптека
torch	flashlight	фонарик
stores	grocery store	бакалейно-гастрономи-ческий магазин
limited, ltd.	incorporated, inc.	акционерное общество
hire purchase system	installment plan	покупка в рассрочку
porter, caretaker	janitor	швейцар
paraffin	kerosene	керосин
queue	line	очередь
literal	typo, typographical error	опечатка
cock	rooster	петух
first floor	second floor	второй этаж
handbag		сумочка
telephone box	telephone booth	телефонная будка
ring up	call up	звонить
put through	connect	соединять
engaged	busy	занято
post code	zip code	почтовый индекс
letter-box	mailbox	почтовый ящик
change money	exchange money	обменивать / разменивать деньги
dinner jacket	tuxedo	смокинг
trousers	pants, trousers	брюки
block of flats	appartment house	многоэтажный дом
ask for a list	ask for a ride	попросить подвезти
return ticket	round trip ticket	обратный билет
single ticket	one way ticket	билет в одну сторону
transport	transportation	транспорт
tram	streetcar	трамвай
coach	bus	автобус
subway	underpass	подземный переход